Secondary Storage



File Compression

-> It is commonly used when sending a file from one computer to one another over a connection that has limited bandwidth. The compression is basically makes the files become smaller and therefore the sending of a file is usually fast and more better.

                                                

Head Crash

-> It is a hard disk failure that occurs when a read-write head of a hard disk drive comes in contact with its rotating plater, resulting in permanent and usually caused until fatal damage to the magnetic media to the platter surface.

Internet Hard Drive

-> Internet hard drive is about creating a new solution to the issue of data storage. The sole purpose of this is to offer a means of accessing your computer files from any computer. As long as your computer is access to Internet.



Internet hard drive

Optical Disk Drive

-> It is a disk that uses laser lights or electromagnetics waves near the light spectrum as part of the process

of reading and writing data to or from optical discs. Some drives can only read from discs, but recent drives are commonly for readers adn recorders.

CD-ROM drive.



Solid-State storage

-> It is a method of data storage accomplished by using integrated circuit devices to store data rather than moving magnetic or optical media. SSS is typically non-volatile and may take various forms, such as solid state drive, solid state card or solid state module. In addition, SSS includes PATA(legacy), SATA, SAS, fibre channel, or PCIe interface options.

Solid state storage



Input and Output

                         

Ergonomic Keyboard


-> It is a computer keyboard that designed with ergonomic considerations to minimize muscle strain and a host of related problems.

Ink - Jet printer

-> It is a type of computer printer that creates a digital image by propelling variable-sized droplets of ink onto paper. This is are the most commonly used type of printer.

.                      Epson Inkjet Printer                                         Canon BJ-10V lite Inkjet Printer with scale

Laser Printer

-> It is a common type of computer printer that rapidly produces a high quality text and graphics on plain paper.

Magnetic - Ink character reader (MIRC)

-> It is a character recognizition technology used primarily by the banking industry to faciliate the processing of the cheques. This technology allows computer to read information off of printed document. Unlike barcodes or similar technologies. However, MICR codes can be easily read by humans.

Optical - character recognition (OCR)

-> It is the mechanical or electronic translation of scaneed images of handwritten, typewritten, or printed text into machine-encoded text. It is widely used to convert books and documents into electronic files. to computerize a record keeping system in office or to publish the text to website. 



Optical - mark recognition (OMR)


-> it is the process of capturing human - marked data from document forms such as surveys and tests. It usually used to university life and business life         

                                             . 

Plain paper that usuallty used for
college student

 

OMR test paper with recognition marks





The System Unit.

Flash Memory 

-> Flash memory is a non-volatile computer storage chip that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. It is primarily used in memory cards, USB flash drives, MP3 players and solid-state drives for general storage and transfer of data between computers and other digital products. 

Graphics Cards

-> A graphic card (also video card) is a piece of hardware installed in computer that is responsible for rendering the image on the computer’s monitor or display screen. Other modern high performance video cards are used for more graphically demanding purposes, such as PC games.

Sound Cards

-> A sound card (also known as an audio card) is a computer expansion card that facilitates the input and output of audio signals to and from a computer under control of computer programs. Typical uses of sound cards include providing the audio component for multimedia applications such as music composition, editing video or audio, presentation, education, and entertainment (games).

Network Interface Card (NIC)

-> A sound card (also known as an audio card) is a computer expansion card that facilitates the input and output of audio signals to and from a computer under control of computer programs. Typical uses of sound cards include providing the audio component for multimedia applications such as music composition, editing video or audio, presentation, education, and entertainment (games).

Plug and Play

-> Plug and Play is a term used to describe the characteristic of a universal serial bus, or device specification, which facilitates the discovery of a hardware component in a system, without the need for physical device configuration, or user intervention in resolving resource conflicts.

Bus Lines

-> they are the communicating electronic lines that connect different parts of the CPU to various other parts. In addition, the bus lines also link the CPU to different parts on the system board of your computer. The data flows in the form of bits along the bus lines.

HDMI ( High Definition Multimedia Interface )

-> is a compact audio/video interface for transmitting uncompressed digital data. It is a digital alternative to consumer analog standards, such as radio frequency (RF) coaxial cable, composite video, S-Video, SCART, component video, D-Terminal, or VGA.

Cache Memory

-> It is extremely fast memory that is built into a computer’s central processing unit (CPU), or located next to it on a separate chip. The CPU uses cache memory to store instructions that are repeatedly required to run programs, improving overall system speed. 

Specialized Application Software.

6 majors such as :


Audio Editing Software


- It is a full featured professional audio and music editor for windows and MAC OS x. It lets you to record and create and edit music, video or other video recordings.

Bitmap Image


- is a type of memory organization or image file format used to store digital images. The term bitmap comes from the computer programming terminology, meaning just a map of bits. Now along with pixmap. It commonly refers to the similar concept of a spatially mapped away of pixels.

HTML editor


- is a software application for creating web pages. Although the HTML markup of a webpage can be written with any text editor, specialized HTML editor can offer convenience and added functionality.

Multimedia


- it is a media and content that use a combination of different content forms. The term can be used as a noun or as an adjective that describing a medium as having multiple content forms.The term is used in contrast to media which only use traditional forms or printed or hand produced material.

    

                animation            video footage            Images               Interactivity             Text

Vector Image


- it is the use geometrical primitives such as points, lines, curves, shapes or polygons which all are based on mathematical equation to represent images in computer graphics. Vector images format are complementary to raster graphics. which is the representation of images as an array of pixels

Web Authoring


- it is a category of software that enables the user to develop a website in a desktop publishing format. The software will generated the required HTML coding for the layout of the web pages based on what the user designs.

click to enlarge the pics! *

Basic Application Software.

Graphical User Interface ( GUI )


- it is a human computer interface that uses windows, icon, and menus and which can be manupulated by a mouse (and often to a limited extend by a keyboard as well) GUI stand in sharp contrast to command line interface, which use only text and are accesed solely by a keyboard.

Word Processor


- formally known as document preparation system. It is a computer application that used for the production like composition, editing, formatting and also printing,. It may also refer to a type of stand alone office machine too.

Spreadsheet


- it is a computer application that stimulates a paper and accounting worksheets and it also display multiple cells that together make up a grid consisting of rows and columns. each cells containing alphanumeric text, numerics values or formulas. A formula defines on how the content of that cells is to be calculated. Spreadsheets are frequently used for financial information because of their ability to re calculate the entire sheet automatically.

Database management system ( DBMS )

- it is a set of computer programs that control the creation, maintenance, and the use of database. It allows organization to place control of database development in the hand of database administratior. A DBMS is a system software packages that help the use of integrated collection of data records and file known as a databases. It allows different user application programs to easily access to the same databases.

Utility suites

- it is a kind of system software designed to help analyze, configure, optimize and maintain the computer. A single piece of utility software is usually called a utility or a tool. It should be contrasted with application software which allowed users to do things like creating documents, playing games, etc. utility software usually more focuses on how the computer infrastructure operates. Due to this focus, utilities are more often technical or targeted at people with an advanced level of computer knowledge.

The Internet and The Web.

There are 9 things that included to the wide world web, such as :

1. FTP ( File Transfer Protocol )



 it is a standard protocol. It is the simpliest way to exchange files between computers on the internet. It is also commonly used to download programs and the other files to your computers from the other access.

2. Plug -ins

In computing. a plug in or plugin is a set of software components that adds specific capabilities to  a larger software appliations. Plug in is enable to customizing the functionality of an application. Plugins are commonly used in web browsers to play videos, scan viruses and display a new file types.

3. Filters

 It is a higher order function that processes a data structure in some order to produce a new data structure containing exactly those elements of the original data of which a given preducate return the boolean value true.

4. Internet Security Suite

 It is branch of computer security especially and specifically related to internet. Its objective is to establish the rules and measure to against over the internet. The internet represent an insecure channels for exchanging information leading to a high risk or intrusion or fraud.

the example of the software!*

5. Wiki

 it is a website that allows the easy creation and editing of any number that interlinked web pages or web browser using a simplified a markup language or a text editor. Wiki are typically powered by Wiki software and are often used to create collaborative wiki websites, to power community websites for personal note taking.

6. Javascripts

 It is an implemantation of ECMAScript language standard and is typically used to enable programmatic access to computational objects within a host environment. It can also be categorized as a prototype based object oriented thatis dynamic and well oriented. Javascript is usually used in the form of Client-Java script, implemented as a part of a web browser in order to provide enchanced user interfaces and dynamic websites.

7. Applets

 It is a little application from prior world wide web, the built in writing and drawing programs that came with windows were sometimes called as Applets. They are using Java often because it can perform interactive animations, immediate calculations, or other simple task without having a send user request back to the server. 

8. HTML

 It is a hypertext markup language: a set of standards, a variety of SGML, used to tag the elements of a hypertext document. It is the standard protocol for formatting and displaying documents on the world wide web. 

9. URL

It is an abbreviation of Uniform Resource Locator, the global address of documents and other resources on the world wide web. The first part of the address is called protocol identifier and it indicates what protocol to use, and the second part is called a resource name and it specifies the address or the address name where the resource is actually located.